{"id":6754,"date":"2025-05-28T12:31:04","date_gmt":"2025-05-28T09:31:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/septemartes.com\/3-sayi\/"},"modified":"2025-12-30T09:20:03","modified_gmt":"2025-12-30T06:20:03","slug":"issue-3","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/septemartes.com\/en\/issue-3\/","title":{"rendered":"Issue 3"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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Contents<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tNeolitik \u00c7anak \u00c7\u00f6mlek \u00dcretiminde Levha Tekni\u011finin Kullan\u0131m\u0131: Bah\u00e7elievler Yerle\u015fmesi Bulgular\u0131<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tTracing the Use of Slab Construction in Neolithic Pottery: Evidence from Bah\u00e7elievler Settlement<\/i><\/em>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSava\u015f SARIALTUN \u2013 Erkan F\u0130DAN<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Septem Artes 3 (2025) 1-12 | DOI: 10.5281\/zenodo.15470550<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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The Neolithic settlement of Bah\u00e7elievler, located in Northwestern Anatolia, has provided critical insights into early ceramic production techniques. Excavations between 2019 and 2021 uncovered 5130 ceramic sherds, of which 1116 were diagnostically identifiable. Macro and microscopic analyses of these findings revealed the widespread use of slab construction in Neolithic pottery production at the site. This study examines the application of this technique, its association with various ceramic groups, and its implications for technological advancements in Neolithic craftsmanship. Slab construction\u2014where vessels are formed by joining flat clay slabs\u2014is particularly suited to the production of large or structurally complex forms. The method enhances structural integrity and precision, making it especially effective for storage jars, carinated bowls, and box-shaped vessels. Analysis of diagnostic sherds from Bah\u00e7elievler indicates that this technique was predominantly employed in vessel types featuring sharp angles, junctions, and reinforced edges. The stratigraphic data suggest that the slab construction was already in use during the earliest phases of Bah\u00e7elievler; however, its prevalence increased in the later Neolithic phases. Statistical analysis of the ceramic assemblage indicates that the technique was infrequently encountered in the 8th (8.57%) and 7th (7.04%) phases, but its use increased markedly in the 4th (10.4%), 3rd (15.85%) and 2nd (16.16%) phases. This upward trend suggests a shift toward more complex and standardised pottery forms, likely indicative of growing specialisation in ceramic production. Another significant aspect of this study is the relationship between the slab construction and raw material selection. The data indicate that this technique was commonly used in dark-surfaced pottery, including black, dark brown, and mottled brown wares, which are associated with high-temperature firing and controlled atmospheric conditions. Additionally, the slab construction was frequently employed in vessels made from fine sandy clay and pyroxene-rich clay, which provides more excellent workability and durability. The preference for these specific clay types suggests that Neolithic potters at Bah\u00e7elievler made deliberate choices regarding raw materials, possibly to optimise the performance and longevity of their pottery. The widespread use of slab construction in certain vessel types also raises questions about ceramic production’s social and functional aspects. The preference for this method in large storage vessels and structurally complex forms suggests its role in facilitating food storage and preparation within the Neolithic community. Reinforced ceramic forms may indicate a response to long-term food preservation needs or surplus production. Furthermore, the increasing prevalence of slab-constructed vessels in later phases suggests that this method became a standardised practice, potentially linked to the emergence of specialised pottery production or growing settlement populations. Breakage patterns observed at vessel junctions\u2014often exhibiting deliberate reinforcement\u2014further attest to the functional advantages of slab construction. Comparable applications have been documented at other Neolithic sites in Anatolia and the Levant, where this technique enhanced vessel durability. Moreover, its use in long-necked jars and carinated bowls reflects an adaptation of pottery technology to meet a range of functional demands, from liquid storage to food preparation. These findings from Bah\u00e7elievler contribute to broader discussions on technological adaptation in Neolithic pottery. The increasing prevalence of slab construction in the later phases of the settlement corresponds with regional trends observed in Northwestern Anatolia. The correlation between specific clay types, firing techniques, and the growing use of this method highlights the evolving nature of ceramic production during this period. Bah\u00e7elievler provides compelling evidence that slab construction was integral to Neolithic pottery technology in Northwestern Anatolia. This technique was not only a practical innovation but also a reflection of broader socio- technological developments within the Neolithic communities of the region. The increasing use of slab construction in later phases and its correlation with specific clay types and high-temperature firing techniques underscores the dynamic and evolving nature of ceramic production during this period. The data from Bah\u00e7elievler contribute to a broader understanding of Neolithic pottery traditions and technological advancements in early Anatolian settlements’ ceramic production and cultural interactions.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPaphlagonia Hadrianopolisi Vaftizhane Yap\u0131s\u0131nda Ele Ge\u00e7en Kaba Seramikler<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCoarse Pottery from Baptistery Structure in Paphlagonian Hadrianopolis\n<\/i><\/em>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tRabia AKTA\u015e \u2013 Elifnur \u00c7AKMAK<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Septem Artes 3 (2025) 13-46 | DOI: 10.5281\/zenodo.15470758<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Hadrianopolis of Paphlagonia is located approximately 3 km west of the Eskipazar District in Karab\u00fck Province. Excavations in this ancient city have uncovered the remains of three churches, two baths, a domus, an inner castle, and a baptistery, dating back to the Late Roman to Early Byzantine periods. Geophysical and GPR surveys conducted in 2013 provided insights that guided the subsequent excavations of the Inner Castle structure (Baptistery) between 2022 and 2023. The square-planned structure contains floor mosaics embellished with religious motifs and figural representations, centred around a cruciform baptismal basin.
Additionally, various small finds of religious significance were discovered within the structure. This building was constructed in the 5 th century AD and remained in use until the 7 th century AD. Significant structural alterations were undertaken following the 7th century, marking the second occupational phase, during which
the building was subdivided into three distinct units. The third phase, identified through structural remains and artefacts, continued until the 10 th century AD. The architectural features and coins suggest that the structure was utilised from the 5 th to the 10 th century AD. However, stratigraphy for the ceramic findings could not be established, likely due to later structural changes that disrupted earlier layers.
A substantial quantity of coarse ceramics was uncovered in various locations during excavations at Hadrianopolis. To date, coarse ware remains largely understudied; therefore, a preliminary analysis was initiated to examine the most commonly encountered form groups within the city context. This paper focuses on 40 sherds categorised into form groups as khytrai, lekanai, jugs, amphorae, pithoi, lids, bases, and handles.
The majority of these ceramics are red, brown and various shades of red, with a smaller number being grey or black. Most pieces are undecorated and unglazed; however, some exhibit decorative features: cat. no. 11 has a stamped decoration on the rim, cat. no. 15 displays wave decoration on the neck, and cat. no. 31 features
incised decoration made before firing on the upper surface of its lid. Additionally, cat. no. 38 bears the letters \u201c\u03a0\u0391\u201d on its bottom, while cat. no. 40 shows incised letters \u201c\u03a3M\u201d along with painted decoration.
Most findings identified during excavations at the Hadrianopolis Baptistery were recovered from a layer containing mixed ceramics. Consequently, dating has relied on analogy. Based on the analogy: among khytra examples, cat. nos. 1-5 are dated to the Early Roman Period, Cat. No. 6 is dated to the 3 rd century AD – the first quarter of the 4 th century, cat. nos. 7-8 span the 3 rd to 6 th centuries AD, and cat. no. 9 is dated to the 5 th century AD. As for lekane examples, cat. nos. 10-11 belong to the Early Roman Period, cat. no. 12 spans the 3 rd to 6 th centuries AD, and cat. no. 13 is dated to the second half of the 6 th century AD – early 7 th century AD.
The jug group (cat. nos. 15-22) is dated between the 5 th and 7 th centuries AD. Among amphora examples, cat. no. 23 is dated from the 3 rd to the 7 th century AD, cat. no. 24 from the 3 rd to 4 th century AD, cat. no. 25 from the 2 nd to 4 th century AD, and cat. no. 26 from the 4 th to the 5 th century AD. The pithos examples (cat. nos. 27-29) are believed to date back to the Late Roman\/Early Byzantine period, while cat. no. 30 likely belongs to the Early Roman Period and cat. no. 31 to the Late Roman Period. In the absence of closely comparable parallels for the bottom and handle pieces, a preliminary attribution to the Late Roman Period is proposed based on their find spots. Overall, the findings reflects a broad chronological range from the Early Roman to the Early Byzantine periods, based on its coarse fabric and utilitarian character. Limited similar examples suggest that this ceramic group may have a restricted distribution area and could have been produced locally.
Future clay analysis studies will enable this view to be clarified.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u201cThe Rugged Jaw of the Sea\u201d: A Coastal Settlement of Salmydessos in Eastern Thrace\n<\/b>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u201cDenizin Sert \u00c7enesi\u201d: Do\u011fu Trakya\u2019daki Salmydessos K\u0131y\u0131 Yerle\u015fimi<\/i><\/em>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tTaner G\u00dcLER<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Septem Artes 3 (2025) 47-61 | DOI: 10.5281\/zenodo.15470799<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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K\u0131rklareli ilinin Vize il\u00e7esi s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde, Y\u0131ld\u0131z Da\u011flar\u0131’n\u0131n en do\u011fusunda yer alan K\u0131y\u0131k\u00f6y Beldesi, Balkanlar ve Anadolu ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n ortas\u0131nda \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir konuma sahip olup Trakya B\u00f6lgesi s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde yer almaktad\u0131r. Roma \u0130mparatorluk d\u00f6neminde Thrakia Eyaleti y\u00f6netim merkezi alt\u0131nda varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Bu b\u00f6lgedeki erken d\u00f6nem yerle\u015fimlerine ait s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 veri kaynaklar\u0131 olmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n bu yerle\u015fimin ilk ad\u0131n\u0131n Salmydessos oldu\u011fu bilinmektedir. Bu isimden ilk kez bahseden kaynak Archilochus\u2019tur. Strabon ise Salmydessos ad\u0131 verilen b\u00f6lgenin Thynia olarak bilinen Trak toplulu\u011funa mensup Thyn halk\u0131n\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 alan\u0131 kapsad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan bahseder. Salmydessos olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan b\u00f6lgenin erken d\u00f6nem kaynaklar\u0131na g\u00f6re g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczdeki yeri saptanamam\u0131\u015f olmakla birlikte ayn\u0131 kaynaklardan bug\u00fcnk\u00fc \u0130\u011fneada s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131na kadar uzand\u0131\u011f\u0131 ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclmektedir. Yerle\u015fimin kurulu\u015f tarihi hen\u00fcz kesin olarak belirlenmemi\u015ftir. Ancak, M\u00d6 6. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ortalar\u0131na ait bir tanr\u0131\u00e7a fig\u00fcr\u00fc (Kybele?) kabartmas\u0131 olan arkaik bir stel 197’lerde bulunmu\u015f ve \u0130stanbul Arkeoloji M\u00fczesi’ne g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Bir Arkaik d\u00f6nem \u015fairi olan Archilochus da Salmydessos’tan bahsetti\u011fine g\u00f6re, kasaban\u0131n kurulu\u015fu M\u00d6 7-6. y\u00fczy\u0131llara kadar gitmelidir. Salmydessos’un ilk yerle\u015fimcileri hakk\u0131nda \u00e7ok fazla kan\u0131t yoktur, ancak baz\u0131lar\u0131 Apollonia’dan (Sozopol\/Bulgaristan) g\u00fcneye gelen yerle\u015fimciler taraf\u0131ndan kuruldu\u011funu iddia etmektedir. Salmydessos, \u00f6nerilen s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131yla, denize do\u011fru \u00e7\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131 yapan bir tepenin \u00fczerine ve iki k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck nehrin, antik Plesios veya modern Papu\u00e7 Dere ile antik Levis’in, yani \u015fimdiki Kazan Dere olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan nehirlerin aras\u0131na kurulmu\u015ftur. Karadeniz’in, \u00f6zellikle kuzey do\u011fu r\u00fczg\u00e2r\u0131, tehlikeli ve ani f\u0131rt\u0131nalar\u0131, s\u0131\u011fl\u0131klar\u0131 ve Salmydessos plajlar\u0131n\u0131, bat\u0131k gemilerden k\u0131y\u0131ya vuran e\u015fyalar\u0131 arayan ya\u011fmac\u0131lar i\u00e7in uygun hale getirmi\u015ftir. Bizans d\u00f6neminde, yerle\u015fimin hemen yan\u0131ndaki kayaya oygu Hagios Nikolaos Manast\u0131r\u0131, bu b\u00f6lgede \u00f6nemli bir toplulu\u011fun ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir. Sahip oldu\u011fumuz di\u011fer \u00f6nemli kal\u0131nt\u0131 ise yerle\u015fimin hemen d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, Papu\u00e7 Dere boyunca birka\u00e7 y\u00fcz metre uzakl\u0131kta, kayalara oyulmu\u015f manast\u0131r \u015fapelidir ve MS 7.-9. y\u00fczy\u0131llar aras\u0131na tarihlenmektedir. Bug\u00fcn sahip oldu\u011fumuz g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n en \u00f6nemli b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, MS 6. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Iustinianus d\u00f6neminde in\u015fa edilen olduk\u00e7a etkileyici \u015fehir surlar\u0131d\u0131r. Mevcut ve g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr sur kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 ge\u00e7 antik \u00e7a\u011fa ait olsa da kuzey ve bat\u0131 duvarlar\u0131n\u0131n birle\u015fti\u011fi k\u00f6\u015fedeki savunma kulesinin kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 daha erken bir k\u00f6kene ait izler g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi iddia edilmektedir. Yerle\u015fimde herhangi bir bina, yol vb. arkeolojik kal\u0131nt\u0131y\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131karmak i\u00e7in sistematik ve kapsaml\u0131 kaz\u0131lar yap\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6nce bir Thrak yerle\u015fimi olan, daha sonra ise Yunan kolonilerinden birine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fen eski Salmydessos yerle\u015fimi, ge\u00e7 antik d\u00f6nemde Gotlar taraf\u0131ndan y\u0131k\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve bu yerle\u015fimin yerine Ge\u00e7 Roma D\u00f6neminde, savunma surlar\u0131 in\u015fa edilerek, yeni bir yerle\u015fim \u201cMedeia\/Midye\u201d ad\u0131yla kurulmu\u015ftur. Bizans d\u00f6neminden kalma kaynaklarda yerle\u015fim Medeia ad\u0131yla an\u0131l\u0131r. Bu ad\u0131n ge\u00e7ti\u011fi ilk yaz\u0131l\u0131 kaynaklardan biri Theophanes’in 762\/763 y\u0131l\u0131nda yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 metindir. Bu metinde Ekim ay\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda dondurucu so\u011fuklardan ve Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131ndan bahseder. Medeia, Ge\u00e7 Roma ve Bizans d\u00f6nemlerinde, Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda yer alan \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir liman yerle\u015fimidir. Ayr\u0131ca, Karadeniz’in k\u0131y\u0131 yolu ve Trakya’n\u0131n kuzey-g\u00fcney yol ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131nda \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir yere sahiptir. Trakya’n\u0131n do\u011fu-bat\u0131 yol ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan ve Konstantinopolis\u2019i Tuna Deltas\u0131’na ba\u011flayan, Via Egnatia ve Via Militaris d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki en \u00f6nemli yollardan biri de Karadeniz sahil yoludur. Roma d\u00f6neminden kalan bu yol, erken Bizans d\u00f6neminde de \u00f6zellikle deniz ve kara ticaretinde kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Medeia bu yol \u00fczerindeki en \u00f6nemli noktalardan biridir ve Orta \u00c7a\u011f boyunca bu yol kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, ancak 17. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan itibaren Trakya’n\u0131n i\u00e7 b\u00f6lgelerindeki yollar daha yayg\u0131n hale geldi\u011finden, tercih edilen yol olma \u00f6zelli\u011fini giderek kaybetmi\u015ftir. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde Do\u011fu Trakya olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan b\u00f6lge, 3. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan 9. y\u00fczy\u0131la kadar Gotlar, ard\u0131ndan Hunlar, Avarlar ve Bulgarlar\u0131n istilalar\u0131na maruz kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Medeia kasabas\u0131 da bu istilalardan etkilenmi\u015ftir. 1204-1261 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda 4. Ha\u00e7l\u0131 Seferi sonucu Konstantinopolis’n i\u015fgal edilmesiyle Bizye ve Medeia da d\u00e2hil olmak \u00fczere \u00e7evre b\u00f6lgeler Latinlerin y\u00f6netimine ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. III. Ioannes Vatatzes d\u00f6neminde Trakya’daki baz\u0131 yerle\u015fim yerleri \u0130znik \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu’nun eline ge\u00e7mi\u015fse de 1240 y\u0131l\u0131nda Latinler bu topraklar\u0131 geri alm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. 1261 y\u0131l\u0131nda VIII. Mikhael Palaiologos, Konstantinopolis ve Trakya’y\u0131 tekrar Bizans \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu’na katm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 14. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ortalar\u0131nda bir s\u00fcre Osmanl\u0131lar\u0131n eline ge\u00e7tikten sonra tekrar Bizans \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu’na b\u0131rak\u0131lan Medeia, Fatih Sultan Mehmet d\u00f6neminde tekrar Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131na kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Midye ismi 1960 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, daha sonra k\u0131y\u0131 \u015feridinde yer almas\u0131 nedeniyle kasabaya K\u0131y\u0131k\u00f6y ismi verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

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Click here to download.<\/a><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThe Chalcolithic Period of the Kuseyr Plateau: A Regional Analysis of Pottery Evidence from the 6th to 4th\nMillennium BC<\/b>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tKuseyr Yaylas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Kalkolitik D\u00f6nemi: M\u00d6 6. Biny\u0131ldan 4. Biny\u0131la \u00c7anak \u00c7\u00f6mlek Kan\u0131tlar\u0131n B\u00f6lgesel Analizi<\/i><\/em>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCanan KARATA\u015e-Y\u00dcKSEL<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Septem Artes 3 (2025) 62-78 | DOI: 10.5281\/zenodo.15470831<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t Summary <\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t

Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, Kuseyr Yaylas\u0131\u2019nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen y\u00fczey ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131nda tespit edilen Kalkolitik d\u00f6nem \u00e7anak \u00e7\u00f6mlek buluntular\u0131n\u0131 incelemektedir. Veriler, b\u00f6lgenin M\u00d6 6. ve 4. biny\u0131llar aras\u0131ndaki k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve teknolojik y\u00f6r\u00fcngelerine dair genel bir \u00e7er\u00e7eve \u00e7izmektedir. Kuseyr Yaylas\u0131\u2019ndan toplanan \u00e7anak \u00e7\u00f6mlekler Amik kronolojisi \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015f ve bu do\u011frultuda yedi temel gruba ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r: Koyu Y\u00fczl\u00fc A\u00e7k\u0131l\u0131 ve A\u00e7k\u0131s\u0131z Mallar (DFBW), Yerel Boyal\u0131 Mallar, Halaf Benzeri Boyal\u0131 Mallar, K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 Astarl\u0131 Mallar (Amik D), Ubaid Benzeri Boyal\u0131 Mallar (Amik E), Kaz\u0131nm\u0131\u015f Y\u00fczeyli \u00c7anaklar\/Coba \u00c7anaklar\u0131 (Amik E-F Ge\u00e7i\u015f) ve Saman Y\u00fczl\u00fc Mallar (Amik F). Kuseyr Yaylas\u0131\u2019nda en yayg\u0131n \u00e7anak \u00e7\u00f6mlek grubunu, mineral oran\u0131 y\u00fcksek ve koyu renkli y\u00fczeylere sahip Koyu Y\u00fczl\u00fc A\u00e7k\u0131l\u0131 ve A\u00e7k\u0131s\u0131z Mallar (DFBW\/DFUBW) olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Bu grup, Amik C-E evreleri boyunca belgelenmi\u015f olup, E evresinde kademeli olarak azalarak repertuvardan kaybolmu\u015ftur. \u00d6zellikle Amik C evresine ait koyu y\u00fczl\u00fc \u00e7anak \u00e7\u00f6mlekler aras\u0131nda, kal\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f a\u011f\u0131z kenar\u0131na sahip pi\u015firme kaplar\u0131 \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kmakta ve bu formlar Tell Kurdu \u00f6rnekleriyle yak\u0131n benzerlik sergilemektedir. Ayn\u0131 evrenin karakteristik bir di\u011fer unsuru olan Yerel Boyal\u0131 Mallar ise a\u00e7\u0131k renkli y\u00fczeyler \u00fczerine uygulanm\u0131\u015f k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131-turuncu ve kahverengi geometrik bezemelerle tan\u0131mlanmaktad\u0131r. Halaf Boyal\u0131 Mallar\u0131na ait s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 say\u0131daki \u00f6rnekler ise Ras Shamra, Tell Ain el-Kerkh, Yumuktepe ve G\u00f6zl\u00fckule gibi Kuzeybat\u0131 Suriye ve Kilikya yerle\u015fimlerinden bilinen buluntularla benzerlik g\u00f6stermektedir. Amik D evresi, Amik Ovas\u0131\u2019nda Halaf tarz\u0131 \u00e7anak \u00e7\u00f6mleklerin yerel varyantlar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, Ubeyd benzeri \u00e7anak \u00e7\u00f6mleklerinin ilk kez belirdi\u011fi bir d\u00f6nemi yans\u0131tmaktad\u0131r. Bu evrede Kuseyr Yaylas\u0131, Kuzey Suriye ve G\u00fcney Levant yerle\u015fimlerinde belgelenen, el yap\u0131m\u0131 ve hafif\u00e7e i\u00e7e d\u00f6n\u00fck a\u011f\u0131z kenar\u0131na sahip K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 Astarl\u0131 Mallarla temsil edilmektedir. Ubaid Benzeri Boyal\u0131 Mallar, Amik E evresinde Kuseyr Yaylas\u0131 \u00e7anak \u00e7\u00f6mlek repertuar\u0131n\u0131n en ay\u0131rt edici grubunu olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Tek ve \u00e7ift renkli boyal\u0131 \u00f6rneklerden olu\u015fan bu grup, geometrik desenlerle bezenmi\u015f kaplardan meydana gelmektedir. Kuseyr Yaylas\u0131\u2019ndan belgelenen bu \u00e7anak \u00e7\u00f6mlekler, M\u00d6 5. biny\u0131lda \u00e7anak \u00e7\u00f6mlek \u00fcretim teknolojisindeki de\u011fi\u015fim s\u00fcrecini izlemeye imk\u00e2n tan\u0131maktad\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle \u00e7oklu f\u0131r\u00e7alar arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla bezenmi\u015f kaplar, \u00fcretimde \u00f6nemli bir a\u015famaya i\u015faret etmekte ve b\u00f6lgedeki ilk \u00e7ark kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6stergesi olarak kabul edilmektedir. S\u00f6z konusu \u00f6rnekler, Tell Kurdu, Tell Afis, Ras Shamra, G\u00f6zl\u00fckule ve Yumuktepe gibi Kuzeybat\u0131 Suriye ve Kilikya yerle\u015fimlerinden \u00e7anak \u00e7\u00f6mleklerle g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc paralellikler ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. Amik E-F ge\u00e7i\u015f evresini temsil eden Kuseyr Yaylas\u0131 \u00e7anak \u00e7\u00f6mlek repertuvar\u0131, Ubeyd etkisinin belirgin \u015fekilde azalmas\u0131yla ili\u015fkilendirilen, kaz\u0131nm\u0131\u015f y\u00fczeyli, seri \u00fcretim \u00e7anaklar\u0131n yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcreci yans\u0131tmaktad\u0131r. Bu standart formlu, bezemesiz kaplar, proto-devletlerin ve kentlerin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan \u00f6nemli sosyal d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmlerin maddi yans\u0131malar\u0131 olarak de\u011ferlendirilmektedir. S\u00f6z konusu \u00e7anak \u00e7\u00f6mlekler, yayladaki d\u00f6rt yerle\u015fimde belgelenmi\u015f olup, Amik E-F ge\u00e7i\u015f evresinde b\u00f6lgenin geli\u015fmi\u015f yerle\u015fim a\u011flar\u0131na ev sahipli\u011fi yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcrmektedir. Kuseyr Yaylas\u0131\u2019nda ele ge\u00e7en bu \u00e7anak \u00e7\u00f6mlekler; Tabara el-Akrad, Tell Esh-Sheikh, Tell Afis, Hama, Ras Shamra, Yumuktepe, De\u011firmentepe ve Arslantepe \u00f6rnekleriyle benzerlik g\u00f6stermektedir. Yaylan\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k olarak Amik F evresine tarihlenen Saman Y\u00fczl\u00fc Mallar\u0131 (CFW), 4. biny\u0131l sonlar\u0131na ait yerel bir geli\u015fimi yans\u0131tmaktad\u0131r. Bu \u00e7anak \u00e7\u00f6mlekler, \u00fcretim s\u00fcrecinde \u00e7ark kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve \u00f6nceki evrelerde ba\u015flayan standardizasyon e\u011filiminin daha ileri bir seviyeye ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir. Ancak, Amik F evresinin belirgin k\u00fclt\u00fcrel s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n net olarak tan\u0131mlanamamas\u0131, bu buluntular \u00fczerinden kesin kronolojik ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ili\u015fkiler kurmay\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7le\u015ftirmektedir. Sonu\u00e7 olarak, Kuseyr Yaylas\u0131\u2019ndan elde edilen Kalkolitik d\u00f6nem \u00e7anak \u00e7\u00f6mlekleri, b\u00f6lgedeki k\u00fclt\u00fcrel de\u011fi\u015fim ve teknolojik geli\u015fmelerin izlenebilmesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemli bir veri kayna\u011f\u0131 sunmaktad\u0131r. Kuseyr Yaylas\u0131 materyali, yaln\u0131zca Amik veri setine dayal\u0131 de\u011ferlendirmelerin \u00f6tesine ge\u00e7erek, Kalkolitik d\u00f6nemin hem ova hem de yayla yerle\u015fimleri \u00fczerinden daha b\u00fct\u00fcnc\u00fcl bir bi\u00e7imde okunmas\u0131na olanak tan\u0131makta ve bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede yayla perspektifinin b\u00f6lgesel arkeolojik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara kazand\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n gereklili\u011fini ortaya koymaktad\u0131r. \u00c7anak \u00e7\u00f6mlek verilerinin de destekledi\u011fi yerle\u015fim s\u00fcreklili\u011fi, \u00f6zellikle Amik Ovas\u0131\u2019nda hen\u00fcz yeterince tan\u0131mlanmam\u0131\u015f olan E-F ge\u00e7i\u015fi ve F evresinin anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan Kuseyr Yaylas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n potansiyeline i\u015faret etmektedir. Bunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, yerle\u015fimlerin da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 ve co\u011frafi konumlar\u0131n\u0131n, b\u00f6lgenin Kalkolitik d\u00f6nem sosyo-ekonomik yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n daha iyi kavranmas\u0131na katk\u0131 sa\u011flayabilece\u011fid\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmektedir. \u0130leride ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilecek kaz\u0131lar, stratigrafik analizler ve disiplinler aras\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar, b\u00f6lgedeki k\u00fclt\u00fcrel s\u00fcre\u00e7lerin daha ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bi\u00e7imde anla\u015f\u0131labilmesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

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Click here to download.<\/a><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAntik S\u00fcsta\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n S\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve Modern Disiplinler-Aras\u0131 Yakla\u015f\u0131mlar<\/b>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tClassification of Ancient Gemstones and Modern Interdisciplinary Approaches\n<\/i><\/em>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tGencay \u00d6ZT\u00dcRK<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Septem Artes 3 (2025) 79-85 | DOI: 10.5281\/zenodo.15470860<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Gemstones have captivated human interest from ancient times to the present, both for their aesthetic appeal and symbolic meanings. The classification and identification of these stones are now possible through scientific and interdisciplinary methods. Whereas ancient authors classified gemstones largely according to visual attributes such as colour, lustre and transparency, contemporary research utilises techniques, most notably chemical and geochemical analyses, for more precise identification. Emerging fields such as archaeometry and archaeogemology have proven instrumental in revealing the economic, cultural and technological frameworks of ancient societies through the systematic study of gemstones. The classification of gemstones in antiquity followed a markedly different framework from that of modern gemology. Ancient authors typically identified and named gemstones based on observable visual and physical characteristics; however, these classifications remained largely unstandardized and often ambiguous. Consequently, establishing direct correlations between ancient nomenclature and modern terminology remains problematic. The use of identical terms to describe different stones-or conversely, the application of multiple names to a single material-poses a persistent challenge for researchers attempting to reconcile historical descriptions with contemporary scientific classifications. Modern gemology employs a range of analytical techniques to determine the geographic provenance of gemstones. Methods such as trace element analysis, stable isotope analysis, inclusion chemistry, infrared spectroscopy, and spectral fingerprinting allow researchers to investigate the mineral structure and geological formation processes of materials. However, despite their sophistication, such techniques do not always produce conclusive results, and the provenance of certain gemstones remains unresolved. Although archaeology emerged as a scientific discipline in the 19th century, it was not until the mid- 20th century that the importance of interpreting archaeological materials within their broader cultural and contextual frameworks gained widespread recognition. The emergence of the \u201cNew Archaeology\u201d movement in the 1960s marked a shift toward more analytical and interdisciplinary methodologies, emphasising the reconstruction of not only the cultural frameworks of ancient societies but also their economic systems and environmental interactions. This paradigm shift played a pivotal role in the development of archaeometry as a distinct field. Archaeometry applies scientific techniques drawn from physics, chemistry, biology, and geology to investigate archaeological questions with empirical precision. The second half of the 20th century, particularly the post-World War II technological advancements, facilitated the widespread application of archaeometric analyses. Techniques such as radiocarbon dating significantly contributed to determining the absolute age of archaeological objects. Additionally, trace element analysis has helped identify the origins of gemstones, providing valuable insights into trade routes and cultural interactions. These advancements led to the emergence of a specialised discipline known as \u201cprovenance studies,\u201d which seeks to determine the geographic origin of ancient artefacts. Through the scientific analysis of materials such as ceramics, metals and gemstones, researchers are able to identify production centres and trace distribution patterns, thereby situating archaeological finds within broader frameworks of trade, exchange, and socio-economic interaction. Geochemical and mineralogical analyses of gemstones have enhanced our understanding of ancient trade. Furthermore, gemology, the scientific study of gemstones, emerged as a sub-discipline of mineralogy in the early 20th century, particularly with the increasing production of synthetic stones. Modern gemology employs optical and chemical analyses to determine the composition of gemstones. However, advanced laboratory tests are sometimes required to distinguish between natural, enhanced, or synthetic stones. Although synthetic stone production did not exist in antiquity, the testing methods used in gemology have provided new perspectives for identifying gemstones discovered at archaeological sites. Archaeogemology, which integrates gemology, archaeology, and geology, focuses on determining the mineralogical and geographical origins of ancient gemstones. This field helps us understand the commercial and cultural movements of gemstones in antiquity while also ensuring the accurate identification of stones found in archaeological excavations. Archaeogemological studies can be conducted in museum collections or excavation sites using portable devices without damaging the stones. The pioneering studies in archaeogemology began in the 1930s, particularly with the application of gemological techniques to determine the origins of lapis lazuli artefacts found in Egypt. Today, archaeogemological research has become more widespread and has contributed to correcting misidentifications in museums and archaeological contexts. By improving the terminological accuracy of modern gemology, archaeogemology allows for more precise interpretations of archaeological findings. In other words, studies on the classification and provenance of ancient gemstones play a crucial role in understanding the aesthetic, commercial, and cultural aspects of human history. Although the observational methods employed by ancient writers may appear limited when compared to the precision of modern scientific analyses, they offer insights into the symbolic and cultural significance of past societies\u2019 perception of gemstones. Today, disciplines such as archaeometry and archaeogemology examine the mineralogical and geochemical properties of these materials, generating valuable data on ancient trade networks, technological advancements and patterns of cultural interactions. These studies contribute both to a better understanding of historical contexts and to enhancing the methodological accuracy of modern gemology. Therefore, the study of ancient gemstones remains an integral part of interdisciplinary research.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tGuillermo Algaze\u2019nin Uruk D\u00fcnya Sistemine Dair \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na Ele\u015ftirel Bir Bak\u0131\u015f<\/b>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tReassessing Guillermo Algaze\u2019s Uruk World System: A Critical Perspective<\/i><\/em>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Septem Artes 3 (2025) 86-105 | DOI: 10.5281\/zenodo.15470874<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Uruk material culture, which originated in Southern Mesopotamia, was identified at various sites across Northern Mesopotamia and Iran beginning in the second quarter of the 4th millennium BC. This distribution has generated scholarly debate. While some researchers interpret the presence of Uruk material in these regions through frameworks such as the \u201cUruk World System\u201d and \u201cUruk Imperialism\u201d others who avoid making definitive conclusions prefer to use the term \u201cUruk Phenomenon.\u201d To explain the interactions between southern Mesopotamian and local communities, scholars have developed a range of models. These models, based on archaeological data, also draw on approaches from disciplines such as sociology, anthropology and economics. Broadly, they fall into two categories: those that define the relationship as asymmetrical, with southern centres exerting dominance, and those that describe it as symmetrical and reciprocal. Among the economically based models addressing the Uruk Phenomenon on a Mesopotamian scale, two stand out: Algaze\u2019s Uruk World System and Stein\u2019s Trade-Diaspora and Distance-Equity models. Algaze\u2019s work on the Uruk World System covers nearly 40 years, beginning with his doctoral dissertation, Mesopotamian Expansion and Its Consequences: Informal Empire in the Late Fourth Millennium B.C. (1986). His ideas were first outlined in the article \u201cThe Uruk Expansion: Cross-cultural Exchange in Early Mesopotamian Civilisation,\u201d and later developed into a comprehensive model in his 1993 book The Uruk World System: The Dynamics of Expansion of Early Mesopotamian Civilisation. The model has prompted extensive discussion and faced significant criticism, particularly during the 1990s, as new archaeological findings from Northern Mesopotamia challenged some of its assumptions. Algaze revised his approach to incorporate these criticisms and integrate archaeological discoveries from fieldwork conducted in Northern Iraq over the past 15 years. These updates reflect an effort to refine his earlier interpretations. Criticism of Algaze\u2019s model has focused on several issues, including the roles and characteristics assigned to specific settlements, the neglect of alternative interpretations of the archaeological record and the reliance on analogy or hypothesis in the absence of conclusive evidence. As a result, his proposal has often been viewed as speculative and open to challenge. Nevertheless, his interdisciplinary perspective, broad-scale approach to Uruk interaction and substantial contributions to the literature have been widely acknowledged. This article, while critically engaging with Algaze\u2019s arguments, also aims to emphasise the significance of his scholarly contribution. Regardless of the strength of its core claims, the Uruk World System provides valuable insight into the process of building, defending and developing models in archaeological research. To highlight this, the article considers the development of the Uruk World System over time, dividing Algaze\u2019s studies into two phases: early and recent works. The interpretation of archaeological data in Algaze\u2019s model has frequently been the subject of criticism. These critiques target, among other issues, the roles and characteristics assigned to settlements within the Uruk World System; the disregard of alternative, plausible interpretations of the archaeological record; and the heavy reliance on analogical or hypothetical inferences in the absence of sufficient data. Although debate continues, future archaeological excavations and surface surveys, along with the expansion of available data, may reshape current evaluations of Algaze\u2019s model or support alternative approaches to World-System analysis in early Mesopotamian contexts.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

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Issue 3\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\r\n \r\n Click here to download. <\/a>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Contents Neolitik \u00c7anak \u00c7\u00f6mlek \u00dcretiminde Levha Tekni\u011finin Kullan\u0131m\u0131: Bah\u00e7elievler Yerle\u015fmesi Bulgular\u0131Tracing the Use of Slab Construction in Neolithic Pottery: Evidence from Bah\u00e7elievler SettlementSava\u015f SARIALTUN \u2013 Erkan F\u0130DAN Septem Artes 3 (2025) 1-12 | DOI: 10.5281\/zenodo.15470550 Summary The Neolithic settlement of Bah\u00e7elievler, located in Northwestern Anatolia, has provided critical insights into early ceramic production techniques. Excavations […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"template-fullwidth.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-6754","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/septemartes.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/6754","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/septemartes.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/septemartes.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/septemartes.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/septemartes.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6754"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/septemartes.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/6754\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6972,"href":"https:\/\/septemartes.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/6754\/revisions\/6972"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/septemartes.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6754"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}